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At the bottom of https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#page-12 and top of https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#page-13 (last paragraph of above https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-3.3), we see: This specification covers two classes of certificates: CA certificates and end entity certificates. CA certificates may be further divided into three classes: cross-certificates, self-issued certificates, and self-signed certificates. Cross-certificates are CA certificates in which the issuer and subject are different entities. Cross-certificates describe a trust relationship between the two CAs. Self-issued certificates are CA certificates in which the issuer and subject are the same entity. Self-issued certificates are generated to support changes in policy or operations. Self- signed certificates are self-issued certificates where the digital signature may be verified by the public key bound into the certificate. Self-signed certificates are used to convey a public key for use to begin certification paths. End entity certificates are issued to subjects that are not authorized to issue certificates. that the term "self-issued" is only applicable to CAs, not end-entity certificates. In https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.9 the description of path length constraints says: The pathLenConstraint field is meaningful only if the cA boolean is asserted and the key usage extension, if present, asserts the keyCertSign bit (Section 4.2.1.3). In this case, it gives the maximum number of non-self-issued intermediate certificates that may follow this certificate in a valid certification path. (Note: The last certificate in the certification path is not an intermediate certificate, and is not included in this limit. Usually, the last certificate is an end entity certificate, but it can be a CA certificate.) This makes it clear that exclusion of self-issued certificates from the path length count applies only to some *intermediate* CA certificates. A leaf certificate whether it has identical issuer and subject or whether it is a CA or not is never part of the intermediate certificate count. The handling of all leaf certificates must be the same, in the case of our code to post-increment the path count by 1, so that we ultimately reach a non-self-issued intermediate it will be the first one (not zeroth) in the chain of intermediates. Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt@openssl.org> (cherry picked from commit ed422a2d0196ada0f5c1b6e296f4a4e5ed69577f)
OpenSSL 1.0.2q-dev
Copyright (c) 1998-2018 The OpenSSL Project
Copyright (c) 1995-1998 Eric A. Young, Tim J. Hudson
All rights reserved.
DESCRIPTION
-----------
The OpenSSL Project is a collaborative effort to develop a robust,
commercial-grade, fully featured, and Open Source toolkit implementing the
Secure Sockets Layer (SSLv3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols as
well as a full-strength general purpose cryptograpic library. The project is
managed by a worldwide community of volunteers that use the Internet to
communicate, plan, and develop the OpenSSL toolkit and its related
documentation.
OpenSSL is descended from the SSLeay library developed by Eric A. Young
and Tim J. Hudson. The OpenSSL toolkit is licensed under a dual-license (the
OpenSSL license plus the SSLeay license), which means that you are free to
get and use it for commercial and non-commercial purposes as long as you
fulfill the conditions of both licenses.
OVERVIEW
--------
The OpenSSL toolkit includes:
libssl.a:
Provides the client and server-side implementations for SSLv3 and TLS.
libcrypto.a:
Provides general cryptographic and X.509 support needed by SSL/TLS but
not logically part of it.
openssl:
A command line tool that can be used for:
Creation of key parameters
Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
Calculation of message digests
Encryption and decryption
SSL/TLS client and server tests
Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
And more...
INSTALLATION
------------
See the appropriate file:
INSTALL Linux, Unix, etc.
INSTALL.DJGPP DOS platform with DJGPP
INSTALL.NW Netware
INSTALL.OS2 OS/2
INSTALL.VMS VMS
INSTALL.W32 Windows (32bit)
INSTALL.W64 Windows (64bit)
INSTALL.WCE Windows CE
SUPPORT
-------
See the OpenSSL website www.openssl.org for details on how to obtain
commercial technical support.
If you have any problems with OpenSSL then please take the following steps
first:
- Download the latest version from the repository
to see if the problem has already been addressed
- Configure with no-asm
- Remove compiler optimisation flags
If you wish to report a bug then please include the following information
and create an issue on GitHub:
- On Unix systems:
Self-test report generated by 'make report'
- On other systems:
OpenSSL version: output of 'openssl version -a'
OS Name, Version, Hardware platform
Compiler Details (name, version)
- Application Details (name, version)
- Problem Description (steps that will reproduce the problem, if known)
- Stack Traceback (if the application dumps core)
Just because something doesn't work the way you expect does not mean it
is necessarily a bug in OpenSSL.
HOW TO CONTRIBUTE TO OpenSSL
----------------------------
See CONTRIBUTING
LEGALITIES
----------
A number of nations restrict the use or export of cryptography. If you
are potentially subject to such restrictions you should seek competent
professional legal advice before attempting to develop or distribute
cryptographic code.